To visualize internal organs during surgery, which technique is employed?

The technique employed to visualize internal organs during surgery is endoscopy. This method involves the use of an endoscope, which is a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, allowing surgeons to see inside a patient's body in real-time. Endoscopy is minimally invasive and can be used for diagnostic purposes as well as for therapeutic interventions, such as biopsies or the removal of polyps.

In contrast, fluoroscopy provides real-time moving images of the internal structures but is typically used in conjunction with contrast agents for imaging the gastrointestinal tract, rather than direct visualization during surgery. Ultrasonography utilizes sound waves to create images of soft tissues and is often employed for diagnostic purposes rather than direct visualization during surgical procedures. Radiography involves the use of X-rays to create images of the body's internal structures but does not provide the direct, live visualization that endoscopy offers.