Which condition involves the abnormal narrowing of the esophagus?

The condition characterized by the abnormal narrowing of the esophagus is known as a stricture. A stricture occurs when the esophageal tissue becomes constricted, which can be due to various factors such as chronic inflammation, scar tissue formation, or the growth of abnormal tissue. This narrowing can lead to difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), as the esophagus is responsible for transporting food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach.

In contrast, achalasia is a specific disorder where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly, leading to difficulty swallowing and potential esophageal dilation, but it does not primarily describe a narrowing itself. Esophagitis refers to the inflammation of the esophagus and may result in swelling, which can contribute to narrowing, but it is not strictly a structural narrowing condition. Barrett's esophagus involves changes in the cells of the esophagus, often due to long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and does not refer to a physical narrowing of the esophageal lumen.

Understanding stricture highlights the importance of recognizing the structural changes within the esophagus that can lead to significant clinical symptoms and impacts.