Which of these conditions is characterized by a fleshy encroachment of conjunctiva onto the cornea?

The condition characterized by a fleshy encroachment of conjunctiva onto the cornea is pterygium. Pterygium typically presents as a triangular-shaped growth of tissue that can extend from the conjunctiva over the cornea. This condition is often associated with exposure to sunlight, dust, and wind, particularly in individuals who spend a lot of time outdoors.

In this context, pterygium is significant not only because of its physical appearance but also due to potential symptoms such as irritation, inflammation, and the risk of affecting vision if it grows large enough to obstruct the pupil. Treatment options may include observation, lubricating eye drops, or surgical removal if it significantly impacts vision or comfort.

Other conditions listed do not share this specific characteristic. For example, a chalazion is a lump in the eyelid caused by a blocked oil gland, strabismus refers to a misalignment of the eyes, and ecchymosis denotes a bruise resulting from bleeding under the skin. Understanding these distinctions is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment in ophthalmologic contexts.